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Made a new archery range closer to the house and I can stand in the driveway to shoot.
A guy I work with asked me how do you know what distancing you are shooting from?
That got me wondering, how many Trad Archer's mark out the distance on there archery range?
Buy the way, he's not a traditional archer.

I've got 4-5 targets in different places in the backyard, and never measured how far any of them are from wherever I shoot.  Didn't even occur to me to consider doing that until I read your post.  Of course, since there are a limited number of places I can put targets in my backyard, and a limited number of places I can shoot them from, I have them all pretty much dialed in anyway.  I wish I could shoot them from my roof.  It would be totally safe, but neighbors and people driving by on the street behind my house could see me and might take issue with that.  Issues that I would just as soon not have.

I don't consider distance to a target either. I leave that to my brain and hand/eye coordination while I concentrate on where the arrow will go. 
When hunting I will try to estimate an approximate 30 yard diameter around my stand that will be my outer limit.

One range is marked in 5 yard increments from 10 to 50 yards.

The seventeen-3D target range is not marked.

I have the 50 yard marked for my bales, that's my point of aim that I'll use for a form check when I'm in a rut.  All other targets are shot at random distances.

People actually measure?

Only measurement I need is my self-imposed "do not exceed" range.

 

I know where 20 yards are on a couple of my targets but I don't often shoot from the known 20 yard spots.

Seems to me that if practicing for the hunt, it shouldn't be done.
When developing form and muscle memory, it might be useful.

Me, I like being surprised. 
Killdeer

I have no clue how far any target is.  I have a bale in the back yard that I do form work on, and check for arrow flight and tuning, but I only stump shoot and shoot animals.

I buried a brick so the top was at ground level (wont interfere with grass mowing) at 10 and 20 yds

I mark out yardages ........ solely for the purpose of ranging something or knowing the yardage. The more you shoot at a known distance,  the better mental idea you have of what a 15 or 20 or 25 yard shot looks like. Now having said that,   when I'm shooting out there on a marked range,  I find I seldom shoot from any one fixed mark.  I move around all over the place in between the marked distances and reference the pre measured marks say between 15 and 40.  Having a marked range is a helpful tool in the toolbox.  Being able to range distances fairly accurately without a range finder is very helpful,  not just for hunting.   Thankfully, our shots are usually pretty close making it a bit flexible for us if we are off a yard or two or three.

The target where I "tune" and shoot to practice form or whatever has been siting in the same place for 25 years. How could I not know how many steps it is from any number of landmarks that have also been there all along. When I shoot at that target I know the distance within a yard or so...how could I not?

Out in my little patch of woods, I have some plastic jugs and stuff laying around to shoot at. They get moved moved around so they aren't always in the same places. I walk around with a handful of judos and take whatever shot looks like fun. Nothing is measured. Still, it's a small place. I have a tripod and a ladder stand out there. Again, they've been there for a long time so I know how far it from them to various landmarks.

Does it even matter? At any distance that I would generally shoot at deer sized game I can aim at the exact same spot and the point of impact will only change by a few inches. For hunting purposes (and much of my practice/fun shooting) there are only two distances. "Too far" and "not too far".

 "Too far" and "not too far".  YES! But this can also depend on several factors that I don't have time for at the moment.  At some point, hunting becomes 'the hunt' and that yardage may vary for those same reasons.

20 yards in an eastern thicket is not the same 20 yards in WY open sage.  It might be on the tape measure, but not mentally unless you do something to adjust it.

More later.....Maybe... 

Sure, it looks different and it can fool you...open vs heavy cover up hill vs down etc.

Being I don't participate in tournaments, my choice target is usually a tennis ball that gets kicked around to vary my distance for each round, the best I can guess is that I usually am maxing out at 25 yards.